biophBiomedical PhotonicsBiomedical Photonics2413-9432Non-profit partnership for development of domestic photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosisbioph-113Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSМЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ НАСЫЩЕНИЯ КИСЛОРОДОМ ГЕМОГЛОБИНА В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИИTECHNIQUES OF EVALUATION OF HEMOGLOBIN OXYGEN SATURATION IN CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGYПетровС. Ю.PetrovS. Yu.

Москва, Россия

Moscow, Russia

post@glaucomajournal.ruАнтоновА. А.AntonovA. A.

Москва, Россия

Moscow, Russia

НовиковИ. А.NovikovI. A.

Москва, Россия

Moscow, Russia

СавельеваТ. А.SavelievaT. A.

Москва, Россия

Moscow, Russia

Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезнейРоссияThe Scientific Research Institute of Eye DiseasesRussian FederationИнститут общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИРоссияGeneral Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Russian Federation201604022017543543Copyright © Петров С.Ю., Антонов А.А., Новиков И.А., Савельева Т.А., 20172017Петров С.Ю., Антонов А.А., Новиков И.А., Савельева Т.А.Petrov S.Y., Antonov A.A., Novikov I.A., Savelieva T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pdt-journal.com/jour/article/view/113

Важным показателем жизнеобеспечения является содержание кислорода в жидкостях и тканях организма. Ряд патологий зрительного анализатора, таких как глаукома, предположительно, имеет сосудистый генез, заключающийся в нарушении кровоснабжения и циркуляции кислорода. Большая часть кислорода переносится кровью в виде химического соединения с гемоглобином. Проходя через капилляры, гемоглобин отдает кислород, превращаясь из оксигенированного в дезоксигенированный. Этот процесс сопровождается изменением спектральных характеристик гемоглобина, что обуславливает цвета артериальной и венозной крови. На различиях в поглощении света разными формами гемоглобина основан фотометрический метод измерения степени насыщения крови кислородом (сатурации). Метод её оценки называют оксиметрией. В медицине наиболее распространена тканевая пульсоксиметрия с оценкой показателя тканевой оксигенации. Степень насыщения гемоглобина кислородом в сосудах глаза является наиболее доступным для неинвазивного исследования в офтальмоскопии и вместе с тем информативным параметром. Многочисленные исследования показали важность этого параметра для диагностики ретинопатий различного генеза, анализа метаболического статуса при гипергликемии, диагностики и контроля в процессе лечения глаукомы и других патологических состояний, сопровождающихся нарушением кровоснабжения тканей глаза. Отдельным методом оценки концентрации кислорода является измерение давления растворенного кислорода в крови – парциальное давление кислорода. В офтальмологии исследования данного показателя проводят в жидкости передней камеры, оценивая содержание кислорода при ряде офтальмопатий, включающих различные формы глаукомы, при инстилляциях гипотензивных препаратов, а также в стекловидном теле в области диска зрительного нерва при различных уровнях внутриглазного давления. В настоящее время хорошо развито направление оценки сатурации в сосудах сетчатки – ретинальная оксиметрия, основанная на исследовании поглощения света кровью в зависимости от насыщения гемоглобина кислородом путем анализа спектрального состава света, диффузно-отражённого от сетчатки. Также проводят оксиметрию эписклерально- конъюнктивальной сосудистой сети, позволяющую оценить сатурацию сосудов, принимающих кровь от переднего отрезка глаза, и характеризующую состояние его метаболизма при ряде патологий, а также в процессе лечения.

Oxygen content in body fluids and tissues is an important indicator of life support functions. A number of ocular pathologies, e.g. glaucoma, are of presumable vascular origin which means altered blood supply and oxygen circulation. Most oxygen is transported in the blood in the association with hemoglobin. When passing through the capillaries, hemoglobin releases oxygen, converting from oxygenated form to deoxygenated form. This process is accompanied by the changes in spectral characteristics of hemoglobin which result in different colors of arterial and venous blood. Photometric technique for the measurement of oxygen saturation in blood is based on the differences in light absorption by different forms of hemoglobin. The measurement of saturation is called oximetry. Pulse oximetry with assessment of tissue oxygenation is the most commonly used method in medicine. The degree of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the eye blood vessels is the most accessible for noninvasive studies during ophthalmoscopy and informative. Numerous studies showed the importance of this parameter for the diagnosis of retinopathy of various genesis, metabolic status analysis in hyperglycemia, diagnosis and control of treatment of glaucoma and other diseases involving alterations in eye blood supply. The specific method for evaluation of oxygen concentration is the measurement of pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood, i.e. partial pressure of oxygen. In ophthalmological practice, this parameter is measured in anterior chamber fluid evaluating oxygen level for several ophthalmopathies including different forms of glaucoma, for instillations of hypotensive eye drops as well as in vitreous body near to the optic disc under various levels of intraocular pressure. Currently, monitoring of oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels, i.e. retinal oximetry, is well developed. This technique is based on the assessment of light absorption by blood depending on hemoglobin saturation with oxygen by analyzing spectral composition of light diffusively reflected from the retina. Oximetry of bulbar conjunctival and episcleral microvasculature can be also performed allowing for the evaluation of oxygen saturation in vessels which collect blood from the anterior segment and the characterization of anterior segment metabolism in a number of ocular pathologies and in the course of the treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.