biophBiomedical PhotonicsBiomedical Photonics2413-9432Non-profit partnership for development of domestic photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-4-59-67bioph-519Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSФотодинамическая терапия предраковых заболеваний и рака шейки матки (обзор литературы)Photodynamic therapy for precancer diseases and cervical cancer (review of literature)ГилядоваА. В.GilyadovaA. V.

Москва

Moscow

aida-benyagueva@mail.ruРоманкоЮ. С.RomankoYu. S.

Москва

Moscow

ИщенкоА. А.IshchenkoA. A.

Москва

Moscow

СамойловаС. В.SamoilovaS. V.

Москва

Moscow

ШиряевА. А.ShiryaevA. A.

Москва

Moscow

АлексееваП. М.AlekseevaP. M.

Москва

Moscow

ЭфендиевК. Т.EfendievK. T.

Москва

Moscow

РешетовИ. В.ReshetovI. V.

Москва

Moscow

Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова; Лечебно-реабилитационный центр МинздраваРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Treatment and Rehabilitation CenterRussian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. СеченоваРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian FederationЛечебно-реабилитационный центр МинздраваРоссияTreatment and Rehabilitation CenterRussian FederationФИЦ «Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН»; Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИРоссияProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Russian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова; Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА; Московский университет им. С.Ю. ВиттеРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia; Moscow Witte UniversityRussian Federation2021050220221045967Copyright © Гилядова А.В., Романко Ю.С., Ищенко А.А., Самойлова С.В., Ширяев А.А., Алексеева П.М., Эфендиев К.Т., Решетов И.В., 20222022Гилядова А.В., Романко Ю.С., Ищенко А.А., Самойлова С.В., Ширяев А.А., Алексеева П.М., Эфендиев К.Т., Решетов И.В.Gilyadova A.V., Romanko Y.S., Ishchenko A.A., Samoilova S.V., Shiryaev A.A., Alekseeva P.M., Efendiev K.T., Reshetov I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pdt-journal.com/jour/article/view/519

Представлены результаты анализа данных литературы об основных направлениях лечения предраковых заболеваний шейки матки и рака шейки матки. Побочные эффекты после хирургического или лучевого лечения могут привести к структурным деформациям, рубцам, гиперпигментации, системным побочным эффектам и разрушению нормальных тканей. Использование традиционных методов лечения может вызвать множественную лекарственную устойчивость, что приведет к неэффективности лечения и развитию рецидива заболевания. Чтобы избежать токсичности и уменьшить побочные эффекты были предложены альтернативные стратегии лечения. Перспективным органосохраняющим высокоселективным методом лечения неоплазии шейки матки является фотодинамическая терапия (ФДТ), которая включает два этапа: введение фотосенсибилизатора и локальное воздействие направленного светового излучения. В ряде исследований продемонстрирована высокая клиническая эффективность этого метода в лечении пациенток с цервикальной неоплазией и носительством инфекции вируса папилломы человека без неблагоприятных последствий для фертильности. Использование ФДТ способствует успешному результату лечения патологических очагов на слизистой оболочке шейки матки, эффективность и безопасность метода обеспечивается избирательностью воздействия на ткани. В процессе лечения не повреждаются нормальные окружающие ткани, не происходит грубого рубцевания и стеноза цервикального канала, тем самым ФДТ позволяет сохранить нормальные анатомо-функциональные характеристики шейки матки.

The paper presents the results of literature data analysis on the main directions of precancerous diseases of the cervix uteri and cervical cancer treatment. Side effects following surgery or radiation treatment can lead to structural deformities, scarring, hyperpigmentation, systemic side effects, and destruction of normal tissue. In addition, the use of traditional methods of treatment can cause multidrug resistance, which will lead to ineffective treatment and the development of a relapse of the disease. To avoid toxicity and reduce side effects, alternative treatment strategies have been proposed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising organ-preserving highly selective method for treating cervical neoplasia, which includes two stages: the introduction of a photosensitizer and local exposure to directed light radiation. A number of studies have demonstrated the high clinical efficacy of this method in the treatment of patients with cervical neoplasia and carriage of human papillomavirus infection without adverse consequences for fertility. The use of PDT contributes to the successful outcome of the treatment of pathological foci on the mucous membrane of the cervix, the effectiveness and safety of the method is ensured by the selective effect on tissues. In the course of treatment, normal surrounding tissues are not damaged, there is no gross scarring and stenosis of the cervical canal, thereby PDT allows maintaining the normal anatomical and functional characteristics of the cervix.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.