<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bioph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Biomedical Photonics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomedical Photonics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2413-9432</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Non-profit partnership for development of domestic photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bioph-84</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Брахитерапия в лечении рака влагалища</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Brachytherapy in treatment of vaginal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодкий</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodkiy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mailbox@rncrr.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский радиологический центр Минздрава России, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Center of Roentgeno-Radiology, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каприн А.Д., Галкин В.Н., Иванов С.А., Солодкий В.А., Титова В.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., Галкин В.Н., Иванов С.А., Солодкий В.А., Титова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaprin A.D., Galkin V.N., Ivanov S.A., Solodkiy V.A., Titova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pdt-journal.com/jour/article/view/84">https://www.pdt-journal.com/jour/article/view/84</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре освещены особенности диагностики и лечения различных форм первичного рака влагалища, показаны роль и место брахитерапии как варианта самостоятельной терапии или этапа комбинированного лечения данной патологии. Приведены эпидемиологические данные по заболеваемости раком влагалища в России, описаны предполагаемые механизмы развития заболевания, факторы риска, гистологические формы, особенности течения, клинической картины, алгоритм диагностических мероприятий. Описаны методы лечения первичного рака влагалища согласно мировым стандартам: хирургический, лучевой методы и системная лекарственная терапия. Подробно освещены особенности применения лучевых методов лечения (низкодозной и высокодозной брахитерапии, в том числе в сочетании с дистанционной лучевой терапией) в зависимости от стадии заболевания. Приведены результаты нескольких масштабных зарубежных клинических исследований по оценке эффективности различных методик лучевой терапии. Подтверждено, что наибольшую эффективность показывает сочетание брахитерапии на первичную опухоль с дистанционным облучением лимфатических узлов. Сделан вывод о перспективности применения различных видов лучевой терапии в лечении рака влагалища</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of different types of primary vaginal cancer are highlighted, the role and place of brachytherapy as independent method or combined treatment modality for this pathology is shown in the review. Epidemiological data on incidence of vaginal cancer in Russia are represented, presumptive mechanisms for development of the disease, risk factors, histological types, features of the course, clinical presentation, diagnostic algorithm are described. Treatment methods for primary vaginal cancer according to world standards such as surgery, radiotherapy and systemic drug therapy are covered. Specifics of radiological methods of treatment (low-dose rate and high-dose rate brachytherapy, including the combination with external beam radiotherapy) according to the stage of the disease, are shown in details. The results of several large foreign clinical trials for efficiency of different methods of radiotherapy are discussed. The combination of brachytherapy on primary tumor with external radiation therapy to the lymph nodes was confirmed to be the most effective modality. The conclusion on opportunities of different methods of radiotherapy in treatment of vaginal cancer was made.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>брахитерапия</kwd><kwd>микроисточники</kwd><kwd>рак влагалища</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>brachytherapy</kwd><kwd>microsources</kwd><kwd>vaginal cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бохман Я.В. Руководство по онкогинекологии. – Л.: Медицина, 1989. – С. 164–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokhman Ya.V. Rukovodstvo po onkoginekologii (Guideline for oncogynecology). Leningrad, Meditsina Publ., 1989. рр. 1–464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онкология: Справочник практического врача / Под ред. чл.- корр. И.В. Поддубной. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2009. – 768 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poddubnaya I.V. Onkologiya: Spravochnik prakticheskogo vracha (Oncology: A Handbook for practitioners). Moscow, MEDpress-inform Publ., 2009, рр. 1–768.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вольфсон Н.И. Влияние тестостерон-пропионата на возникновение экспериментальных опухолей шейки матки и влагалища у мышей // Вопр. онкологии. – 1960. – № 9. – С. 15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vol'fson N.I. Vliyanie testosteron-propionata na vozniknovenie eksperimental'nykh opukholei sheiki matki i vlagalishcha u myshei (Impact of testosterone propionate on development of experimental cervical and vaginal tumors in mice), Voprosy onkologii, 1960, No. 9, p. 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грицай А.А., Коржевская Е.В., Кравец О.А., Кузнецов В.В., Хохлова С.В. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению больных раком влагалища. – Москва, 2014. – 11 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gritsai A.A., Korzhevskaya E.V., Kravets O.A., Kuznetsov V.V., Khokhlova S.V. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu bol'nykh rakom vlagalishcha (Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vaginal cancer). Moskow, 2014, pр. 1–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистова Н.М. Влияние экстракта остроконечных кондилом человека на тканевые культуры вагинального эпителия // Вопр. онкологии. – 1962. – № 6. – С. 118–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistova N.M. Vliyanie ekstrakta ostrokonechnykh kondilom cheloveka na tkanevye kul'tury vaginal'nogo epiteliya (Effect of human condyloma acuminatum extract on tissue cultures of the vaginal epithelium). Voprosy onkologii, 1962, No. 6, pp. 118–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Handbook for Principles and Practice of Gynecologic oncology / Eds. Levine D.A., De Los Santos J. et al. – New York: Wolters Kluwer health, 2010. – 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine D.A., De Los Santos J. Handbook for Principles and Practice of Gynecologic oncology. New York, Wolters Kluwer health Publ., 2010, рр. 1–288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филатова Е.И. Первичный рак влагалища. Диагностика и лечебная тактика // Практическая онкология. – 2006. – Т.7, № 4. – С. 228–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatova E.I. Pervichnyi rak vlagalishcha. Diagnostika i lechebnaya taktika (Primary vaginal cancer: diagnosis and management), Prakticheskaya onkologiya, 2006, T.7, No. 4, pp. 228–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genadry R., Olson E.J.,Parmley T. et al. The morphology of the earliest invasive cell in low genital traсt epidermoid neoplasia // Obstet. And gynekol. – 1978. – Vol. 51 (7). – P. 718–722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genadry R., Olson E.J., Parmley T., Woodruff J.D. The morphology of the earliest invasive cell in low genital trast epidermoid neoplasia, Obstetrics and gynecology, 1978, Vol. 51 (7), pp. 718–722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez C., Balogun M., Ganesan R. et al. MRI of vaginal conditions // Clin. Radiol. – 2005. – Vol. 60. – P. 648–662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez C., Balogun M., Ganesan R., Olliff J.F. MRI of vaginal conditions, Clinical Radiology, 2005, Vol. 60, pp. 648–662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamoreaux W.T., Grigsby P. W., Dehdashti F. et al. FDG-PET evaluation of vaginal carcinoma // Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. – 2005. – Vol. 62 (3). – P. 733–737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamoreaux W.T., Grigsby P. W., Dehdashti F., Zoberi I., Powell M.A., Gibb R.K., Rader J.S., Mutch D.G., Siegel B.A. FDG-PET evaluation of vaginal carcinoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 2005, Vol. 62 (3), pp. 733–737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basil S.H., Dattatreyudu Nori, Anderson L.L. An Atlas of Brachytherapy. – New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988. – 326 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basil S.H., Dattatreyudu Nori, Anderson L.L. An Atlas of Brachytherapy. New York, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988. 326 p..</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туркевич В.Г. Лучевое лечение первичного и метастатического рака влагалища // Практическая онкология. – 2006. – Т. 7, № 4. – С. 236–245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkevich V.G. Luchevoe lechenie pervichnogo i metastaticheskogo raka vlagalishcha (Radiation therapy for primary and metastatic vaginal cancer), Prakticheskaya onkologiya, 2006, T. 7, No. 4, рр. 236–245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perez C.A., Madoc-Jones H. Carcinoma of the vagina / Eds. Perez C.A. and Brady L.W. Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. – 1998. – Chapter 53. – P. 1023–1035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perez C.A., Madoc-Jones H. Carcinoma of the vagina. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Publ., 1998, Chapter 53, pp. 1023–1035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock R.G. Vaginal Cancer Textbook of radiation oncology. – Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders company. – 1998. – Chapter 47. – P. 891–906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock R.G. Vaginal Cancer Textbook of radiation oncology. Philadelphia, W.B.Saunders company, 1998, Chapter 47, pp. 891–906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kucera H., Vavra N. Radiation management of primary carcinoma of the vagina: clinical and histopathological variables associated with survival // Gynecol. Oncol. – 1991. – Vol. 40. – P. 12–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kucera H., Vavra N. Radiation management of primary carcinoma of the vagina: clinical and histopathological variables associated with survival, Gynecological Oncology, 1991, Vol. 40, pp. 12–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kucera H., Mock U., Knocke T.H. et al. Radiotherapy alone for invasive vaginal cancer: outcome with intracavitary high dose rate brachytherapy versus conventional low dose rate brachytherapy // Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. – 2001. – Vol. 80. – P. 355–360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kucera H., Mock U., Knocke T.H., Kucera E., Potter R. Radiotherapy alone for invasive vaginal cancer: outcome with intracavitary high dose rate brachytherapy versus conventional low dose rate brachytherapy, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2001, Vol. 80, pp. 355–360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perez C., Slessinger E., Grigsby P.W. Design of an afterloading vaginal applicator (MIRALVA) // Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. – 1990. – Vol. 18. – P. 1503-1508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perez C., Slessinger E., Grigsby P.W. Design of an afterloading vaginal applicator (MIRALVA), International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 1990, Vol. 18, pp. 1503–1508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Crevoisier R., Breton-Callu C., Morice P. et al. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina / experience at the Gustave-Roussy Institute // Radiother. Oncol. – 2001. – Vol. 60 (Abstr. 7)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Crevoisier R., Breton-Callu C., Morice P. et al. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina / experience at the Gustave-Roussy Institute, Radiotherapy and oncology, 2001, Vol. 60 (Abstr. 7).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tewari K.S., Cappuccini F., Puthawala A.A. et al. Primary invasive carcinoma of the vagina: treatment with interstitial brachytherapy // Cancer. – 2001. – Vol. 91. – P. 758–770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tewari K.S., Cappuccini F., Puthawala A.A., Kuo J.V., Burger R.A., Monk B.J., Manetta A., Berman M.L., Disaia P.J., Nisar A.M. Primary invasive carcinoma of the vagina: treatment with interstitial brachytherapy, Cancer, 2001, Vol. 91, pp. 758–770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
