biophBiomedical PhotonicsBiomedical Photonics2413-9432Non-profit partnership for development of domestic photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis10.24931/2413-9432-2016-5-3-30-40bioph-99Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSМЕТОДЫ ФОТОНИКИ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ПРИЖИВЛЕНИЯ КОЖНЫХ ТРАНСПЛАНТАТОВPHOTONIC METHODS FOR QUALITY EVALUATION OF SKIN ENGRAFTMENTМакаровВ. И.MakarovV. I.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruАхлюстинаЕ. В.AkhlyustinaE. V.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruФарраховаД. С.FarrakhovaD. S.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruПоминоваД. В.PominovaD. V.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruРябоваА. В.RyabovaA. V.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruЛощеновВ. Б.LoschenovV. B.vi.makarov@physics.msu.ruИнститут общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН, Москва, РоссияРоссияGeneral Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ, Москва, РоссияРоссияNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, RussiaRussian FederationИнститут общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН, Москва, РоссияРоссияNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, RussiaRussian FederationИнститут общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН, Москва, Россия Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ, Москва, РоссияРоссияGeneral Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, RussiaRussian Federation201602122016533040Copyright © Макаров В.И., Ахлюстина Е.В., Фаррахова Д.С., Поминова Д.В., Рябова А.В., Лощенов В.Б., 20162016Макаров В.И., Ахлюстина Е.В., Фаррахова Д.С., Поминова Д.В., Рябова А.В., Лощенов В.Б.Makarov V.I., Akhlyustina E.V., Farrakhova D.S., Pominova D.V., Ryabova A.V., Loschenov V.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pdt-journal.com/jour/article/view/99

Настоящий обзор, основанный более чем на 70 проанализированных статьях российских и зарубежных авторов, посвящен методам мониторинга состояния трансплантируемых участков кожи. В обзоре рассмотрены основные процессы, происходящие в коже на клеточном и субклеточном уровнях на разных этапах приживления трансплантата. Описаны оптические методы, позволяющие проводить неинвазивный анализ состояния кровеносных сосудов, концентрации коллагена, типа клеточного дыхания (по флуоресценции NADH). Приведена сравнительная таблица ядерных и оптических методов мониторинга состояния приживления трансплантата, наиболее широко развитых и использующихся на сегодняшний день. Отмечено, что преимущество оптических методов заключается в многофункциональности, простоте использования и интерпретации результатов, безопасности, низкой стоимости, а также в возможности использования в режиме мониторинга, в отличие от рентгено-компьютерной томографии, МРТ и УЗИ. Подробно рассмотрено одно из перспективных направлений, используемых для улучшения качества приживления трансплантатов преимущественно за счет антимикробного эффекта – фотодинамическая терапия. Отмечено, что перспективным является использование для фотодинамической терапии кристаллических наночастиц органических фотосенсибилизаторов, в частности фталоцианина алюминия. Основная отличительная особенность их использования заключается в том, что наночастицы, введенные в область раневой поверхности или в контактную область приживляемой ткани или трансплантата, не проявляют фотоактивности до момента начала воспаления. Сделан вывод, что актуальной является задача по разработке метода оценки состояния кожного покрова по спектроскопическим свойствам компонентов тканей (с использованием флуоресцентных красителей и фотосенсибилизаторов в молекулярной и наноформах), который позволит анализировать физиологическое состояние кожного покрова (степень и скорость приживления или отторжения), а также контролировать некоторые биохимические и физиологические параметры трансплантата или всей области поражения кожи.

 

 

In this review, based on more than 70 articles of Russian and foreign authors, methods of skin engraftment monitoring are discussed. Main processes occurring in skin on cellular and subcellular levels at different stages of engraftment are considered. Optical methods which allow performing non-invasive analysis of blood vessels, collagen concentration and form of cellular respiration (by NADH fluorescence) are described. Comparative analysis of nuclear and optical methods for engraftment monitoring highly developed and widespread nowadays is presented. The advantages of optical methods includes multifunctionality, usability and clarity of results, safety and low cost. In contrast to X-ray CT, MRI and ultrasound, optical methods can be used in monitoring mode. One of the promising directions for improving quality of engraftment due to antibacterial effect, photodynamic therapy, is described in details. The use of crystalline organic nanophotosensitizers (particularly aluminum phthalocyanine) is shown to be the most promising. The main distinctive feature of its application is that nanoparticles injected into wound surface or contact area of tissue graft are not photoactive until the moment the inflammation starts. The development of method for assessing skin condition by spectroscopic properties of tissue components (using fluorescent dyes and photosensitizers in molecular and nanoforms), which allows analyzing physiological state of skin (degree and rate of engraftment or rejection) and controlling certain biochemical and physiological parameters of a tissue graft or an entire area of affected skin is shown to be crucial.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.