Skin tumors occupy the first place in terms of incidence in the structure of oncological neoplasms. The WHO estimates that 60,000 people die each year from malignant neoplasms of the skin: 48,000 from melanoma and 12,000 from skin cancer. Timely diagnosis of skin cancer makes it possible to achieve a cure for cancer patients with long periods of relapse-free follow-up after the completion of specialized treatment. The introduction of high-tech optical methods for diagnosing skin neoplasms into clinical practice has significantly increased the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of diagnostics. The review is devoted to a discussion of such methods for diagnosing skin neoplasms as fluorescent diagnostics, digital dermatoscopy, SIA-scopy, and confocal microscopy. The features of the application of each of the methods are discussed, the results of the most significant Russian and foreign studies in this field are presented, as well as our own results of the practical application of a number of high-tech optical diagnostic methods at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center

Despite the large arsenal of diagnostic methods for studying the lymphatic system, there are isolated works on its morpho-functional state in chronic venous insufluciency. The purpose of the study was to study the anatomical and physiological state of the surface lymphatic system of the lower extremities in persons with different clinical classes of chronic vein diseases using fluorescence lifography. The study was conducted in 105 patients divided into six groups according to the clinical class of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities according to the CEAP classiffication. We used fluorescent lymphography using sodium fluorescein to study the anatomical and functional capabilities of the lymphotone. The study revealed that morphofunctional changes in superficial lymphatic vessels in chronic lower extremity vein diseases depend on venous system decompensation. With an increase in the clinical class of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities, the rate of lymph flow through the superficial lymphatic vessels is statistically significantly reduced. At the same time, the antegrade lymph cell is completely absent in С5-С6, with the appearance of retrograde outflow and discharge of the lymph into the deep lymph vessels. Thus, the progression of chronic venous insufficiency leads to proportional progression of morphofunctional changes in the superficial lymphatic system, which leads to the formation of lymphovenous insufficiency.

Bowen’s disease is a form of non-invasive (in situ) squamous cell skin cancer localized in the non-genital area. Russian and European clinical guidelines include photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the standard of care for patients with Bowen’s disease. In the present review, the efficacy and safety profile of different PDT regimens for Bowen’s disease are analyzed according to the available literature data. PDT can be used to treat large Bowen’s disease lesions localized in areas of the body characterized by severe healing and in cases where surgery is not feasible. Analysis of the results of studies shows that PDT is superior in efficacy and cosmetic results to traditional local treatments such as 5-fluorouracil or cryotherapy. In all analyzed studies in patients with Bowen’s disease, PDT achieved a significant clinical effect. Complete regression of pathologic foci was achieved in 67-100% of patients. In studies evaluating the recurrence rate of Bowen’s disease after PDT, this value ranged from 2-28% with the range of 6-18% in most of the studies. Most often, 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester are used for PDT in Bowen’s disease. According to some researchers, aminolevulinic acid allows to achieve a more long-term positive clinical effect with a lower incidence of painful reactions during treatment

The article provides an example of successful treatment of a patient with basal cell skin cancer of the lower eyelid of the right eye, stage IB cT2aN0M0, with the presence of concomitant pathology – a decrease in the activity of plasma factor XII of blood coagulation (Hageman disease). The patient’s medical history is associated with long-term ineffective treatment of the tumor with Curaderm ointment. After diagnosis and further examination at the Moscow Research Institute named after. P.A. Herzen, at the Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, the patient underwent organ-preserving treatment using photodynamic therapy. 1 course of photodynamic therapy with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 was carried out. Complete tumor regression was obtained; relapse-free follow-up period was 1 year