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Biomedical Photonics

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Vol 11, No 1 (2022)
View or download the full issue PDF (Russian) | PDF
https://doi.org/10.24931/2413-9432-2022-11-1

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

4-12 437
Abstract

The effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the level of matrix metalloproteinases in squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC) was studied. The study involved 202 people, including 185 patients with SCSC, who were on outpatient and inpatient treatment in medical institutions of Engels and Saratov during the period from 2015 to 2019, and 17 donors. The study design included studies in three main groups. The first (intervention) group included 74 (36.6%) patients with SCSC who underwent combined treatment, including PDT at the first stage and surgical treatment at the second stage. The second group consisted of 111 (55.0%) patients with SCSC who underwent only surgical treatment. The third group consisted of 17 (8.4%) relatively healthy volunteer donors, comparable in age and sex with the patients of the main group. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor (TIMP-1) in the blood serum of patients with SCSC was reduced compared with physiologically normal indicators, which led to a statistically significant increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9. Performing only surgical treatment for this pathology does not lead to a complete recovery of these indicators. However, the use of combined treatment including PDT showed a statistically significant increase in the amount of TIMP-1 before the start of surgical treatment, which naturally led to a decrease in MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9. Later, after excision of the tumor, the patients of this group had a complete normalization of TIMP-1, which, in turn, contributed to a decrease and then restoration of the number of MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9 to physiologically normal values.

13-19 400
Abstract

In this clinical study, the effect of photodynamic therapy and ultraviolet radiation on the effectiveness of the treatment of periodontal diseases was examined according to the results of an index assessment. Clinical examination of 95 patients of both sexes aged from 18 to 32 years revealed chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis (K05.1). The main index criteria for comparative parameters in all study groups were: simplified OHI-S hygiene index, Mullemann-Cowell bleeding index, PMA index. The indices were measured before and after treatment with subsequent control examinations in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months. The patients were divided into three groups and each group underwent standard periodontal treatment aimed at stopping the inflammatory process and preventing its further development. In the first group, the treatment was supplemented with the use of the FotoSan LED lamp with a wavelength of 630 nm, in the second the “Quasar” ultraviolet irradiator was used, in the third (control) group, the complex of therapeutic measures was carried out without physiotherapeutic procedures. According to the results of the study, the use of photodynamic therapy significantly accelerates the regenerative processes of periodontal epithelial tissue and reduces the number of treatment sessions.

20-26 353
Abstract

The goal of the study is to comparatively examine the effect of photoactivated rose bengal on platelet aggregation in vitro and in circulating blood of male Wistar rats. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from venous blood. The aggregation activity of platelets was determined by the turbidimetric method, the aggregation inducer was ADP at a final concentration of 1.25 μM. Rose bengal (RB) (Acros Organics, USA) was used as a photosensitizer (PS). PRP samples containing the PS were irradiated using ALOD-Izumrud laser (OOO “Alcom Medica”, Russia), λ = 532 nm, power density 0.05 W/cm2 , energy density of 6, 12 and 24 J/cm2 . The effect of photoactivated RB on the aggregation of circulating PLT was studied after laser irradiation of the femoral artery of the rats: 30 mW laser power, 2 mm spot diameter and 30 min exposure. RB at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μg/ml was found to stimulate, and 5-10 μg/ml—to inhibit platelet aggregation. Photoactivation of RB weakens the stimulating effect of laser irradiation on the aggregation of platelets. Photodynamic modification of blood led to an increase in the in[1]tensity of platelet aggregation by 24% in comparison to the control group, and by 39.6% compared to the group without photoactivation of RB (p<0.01). The data obtained indicate that under the influence of RB photoactivation, the aggregation activity of platelets changes, the severity and direction of the effect depend on the RB concentration. Change in functional activity of platelets is one of the manifestations of photodynamic modification of blood.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

27-36 669
Abstract

The review highlights the current understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, existing classifications of mycosis fungoides. Methods for diagnosis and treatment of the pathology are described, among which photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays an important role. The main advantages of PDT for mycosis fungoides include the absence of systemic toxicity, non-invasiveness, selectivity, absence of carcinogenic potential, the possibility of repeated courses of treatment, and good cosmetic results. This review collects and analyzes the results of clinical trials of PDT in patients with mycosis fungoides. The analysis showed high efficiency of PDT in patients with mycosis fungoides with isolated or limited spots and plaques. PDT can be considered as the therapy of choice in patients with facial lesions when a good cosmetic result is one of the main requirements, and radiation therapy, nitrogen mustard or carmustine can leave permanent and visible scars. Plaques located in the axillary or inguinal skin folds that are inaccessible to phototherapy can also be treated with PDT.

37-48 613
Abstract

Actinic keratosis is an important medical and social problem, the correct diagnosis and treatment of which will help to avoid the development of invasive forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. With the further development of the early diagnosis of cancer, including skin cancer, the increase in human life expectancy, and the popularization of travel to exotic countries, the number of cases of actinic keratosis among the population will continue to grow. In this regard, it is important to discuss the causes and pathogenesis of the disease, the varied clinical picture of the disease, methods of non-invasive diagnostics, as well as methods of treatment, of which there are a great many in the treatment of actinic keratosis today. However, each of the methods has both advantages and disadvantages, and in the global trend towards a personalized approach to treatment, it is important to choose from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine the most suitable for each individual patient. Moreover, after treatment of actinic keratosis, relapses often occur, which are the result of insufficient diagnosis and the development of incorrect treatment tactics. The review article provides the clinical picture of actinic keratosis, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and their comparison with each other in terms of efficacy and safety



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ISSN 2413-9432 (Print)