The paper presents the results of a complex palliative treatment using photodynamic therapy of patients with pancreatobiliary malignancies complicated by obstructive jaundice. In the main group, which included 22 patients, palliative comprehensive treatment was performed using local and systemic photodynamic therapy of pancreatobiliary neoplasms complicated by obstructive jaundice. In the comparison group, consisting of 165 patients, palliative complex treatment of complications was performed without the use of photodynamic therapy. The used photosensitizers were chlorin-based fotoditazin (21 patients) and radachlorin (1 patient). The first step was a systemic PDT. In the course of infusion through a peripheral access into the cubital vein, blood was irradiated externally by laser with monochromatic light with a wavelength of 662–665 nm and a light dose of 1200–1400 J/cm² . As the second stage of the treatment, 3–5 hours after the end of the infusion, an intraductal PDT was carried out by irradiation with monochromatic light with a wavelength of 662 nm and a light dose of 220 J/cm² . After the use of local and systemic photodynamic therapy, a statistically significant decrease in the size of the tumor focus in patients with pancreatic malignant neoplasms was established within a week after treatment in the main group according to the ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. Restoration of bile excretion into the intestine was noted in 100% of patients with malignant neoplasms of the bile duct and head of the pancreas. We also note an increase in median survival of patients in the main group to 5.9 months compared with 4.7 months in the comparison group.

For many years, the treatment of purulent diseases of the hand has stayed relevant. Despite the progress in modern medicine, this pathology retains its prevalence and, most importantly, is often found in patients of the working age, which determines the socio-economic importance of the search for new approaches to the treatment of purulent diseases of this localization. In the purulent surgery department of State Clinical hospital № 4, a study and treatment of two groups of patients were carried out: patients with phlegmons and felons of the hand with open management of postoperative wounds using traditional treatment methods (antibiotic therapy, immobilization, dressings with antiseptic solutions and ointments, the use of wound enzymes) and with the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the postoperative period. PDT was performed on the second or third day after opening the phlegmon or felon using an ATKUS-2 semiconductor laser (AO “Poluprovodnikovye pribory”, Russia) with an output power of 1 to 2 W, an operating wavelength of 660 ± 0.03 nm and an energy density between 20 and 25 J/cm² after application of the photosensitizer based on chlorin e₆ to the treated wound area. The article describes the technique of PDT in patients with purulent diseases of the hand. It was found that it is optimal to perform PDT as early as possible after the operation period, but not earlier than on the second day after the operation, because earlier dressing is especially painful in the absence of sutures and can lead to bleeding from a postoperative wound when the dressing is removed. The effectiveness of treatment in the studied groups was evaluated: the terms of inpatient healing in the groups were compared; the dynamics of the course of the wound process was analyzed. When comparing the results of the two groups, a significant acceleration in the healing of the postoperative wounds was noted in patients for whom PDT was used – 5 days (1.4 times) faster compared to treatment according to the generally accepted technique. The early appearance of granulations and the antibacterial effect of this procedure are noted, which significantly improves the treatment outcome for this pathology. This makes the use of PDT relevant and appropriate in the complex treatment of purulent diseases of the hand

Intermediate ultraviolet (UVB) therapy is considered a relatively safe method of treating skin diseases with an autoimmune component in development compared to medical drug methods, including PUVA therapy. This is due to the small depth of penetration of the rays of this wavelength range into skin, which provides a purely local effect on the human body. Excimer lamps are an alternative to the expensive excimer laser for phototherapy of psoriasis or vitiligo. However, for effective phototherapy using UVB lamps, the distance from an emitter to a patient’s skin must be considered. In this paper, we report on treatment of patients using an excimer lamp, the control unit of which is equipped with an optical system for controlling of ultraviolet radiation dose, which allows automatically calculating the time for a set UVB dose. The article describes the results of phototherapy using an excimer lamp of several cases of psoriasis, vitiligo and other forms of dermatitis with a good therapeutic and cosmetic effect. When using an excimer lamp, not a single case of exacerbation of dermatological diseases was established.

In developed countries, the main methods of research and dynamic monitoring of cystic kidney formations are CT and MRI, but their use is impossible in patients with severe concomitant diseases, as well as in the presence of metal structures, pacemakers, etc. Additionally, taking into account the high dose of radiation exposure when using CT obtained by the patient during dynamic observation, the development of alternative methods is relevant. These include, but not limited to, ultrasound using contrast enhancement, which can be used as an alternative or additional method in primary diagnosis or in the dynamic observation of cystic kidney formations. In the article, the authors provide their own experience with the use of an ultrasound contrast medium for the diagnosis and dynamic observation of complex kidney cysts, as well as the introduction of ultrasound observation using a contrast medium to classify patients according to Bosniak M.A.

The study included the results of the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in 28 patients with various cystic formations of the kidneys. The patients were previously divided into two groups: the first consisted of 13 patients with simple cysts, the second – 15 with suspected complex cysts. As a result of the study, the patients were distributed as follows: 15 patients were classified as Bosniak type I, 7 patients – as type II, 3 - type III, 3 - type IV. The studied CEUS method is simple and effective. The specificity of the method was 78.57%, the accuracy of the method was 85.71%, the predictive value of the positive result was 81.25%, and the predictive value of the negative result was 91.66%. CEUS helps to quickly and accurately conduct differential diagnosis between a simple cyst and a complex one, as well as classify cysts according to M.A. Bosniak.

The review is dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment of erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Particular attention is paid to the relationship between EQ and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The data of various researchers are presented, confirming the correlation between the development of the EQ and the HPV infection, however, it is noted that due to the small number of studies it is difficult to draw reliable conclusions on the presence and strength of this connection. The mechanisms of PDT involved in the implementation of both the antitumor effect in the treatment of EQ and the antiviral effect against HPV are considered. The data of 12 clinical studies and observations of the results of PDT of the EQ conducted in recent years are analyzed. An analysis of literature data showed that in the treatment of EQ, one of the two photosensitizers is usually used locally: 5-aminolevulinic acid or 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester. The treatment parameters in all the analyzed studies were similar: exposure to the ointment for 3–5 hours followed by irradiation with a light dose of 37–105 J/cm². The number of PDT courses in different studies varied from 1 to 19. The effectiveness of treatment varied widely in different studies and clinical observations. Most studies have demonstrated high efficacy of PDT with complete regression in 36–83% (100% in one study) and a relapse-free follow-up period of up to 51 months. However, there were also individual clinical observations of patients in whom the treatment with the method of PDT was ineffective. It is possible that the described results were associated with improperly selected regimes of PDT or a large lesion area. Most authors especially note a very good cosmetic effect and a complete absence of scars after the treatment. Thus, PDT is an effective and promising method for the treatment of EQ that requires, however, a more thorough development of the application regimen and a deeper study of the antitumor and antiviral components of the mechanism of action.

In this article we submit the case report of a patient with cT1N0M0 penile cancer diagnosis. The patient underwent two courses of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Fotoditazin photosensitizer (PS) and ATKUS-2 diode laser. The PS was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight 2 hours prior to the PDT session. The irradiation parameters were: 662 nm laser wavelength, 200 mW/cm² power density and 250 J/cm² energy density. In the presented clinical observation, we demonstrated that PDT is an effective and safe treatment method in patients with non-invasive penile cancer. The use of photodynamic therapy allowed preserving the physiological urination, sexual function and achieving a good cosmetic effect.