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Biomedical Photonics

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Vol 13, No 3 (2024)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

4-13 320
Abstract

This research investigate how red laser treatment affects individuals who have had chemotherapy’s ability to heal their wounds. The sixty individuals were split up into groups for treatment and control. On the third and fifth days, the treatment group had reduced signs of inflammation and enhanced recovery. The results point to possible advantages of red laser treatment for recovery after a cure. 60 patients were divided into 30 therapy groups and 30 control groups to investigate the role of photo biomodulation therapy in wound healing. The therapy groups had 60 seconds of light biomodulation therapy utilizing a 650 nm red laser at a dose of 3,5 J/cm2. The gingival index, prostaglandin E2, human defensin 2, and interleukin-1β levels in the laser-treated and control groups’ saliva were measured. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. The result of this study on day zero after curettage showed that subjects treated with 650 nm laser levels of prostaglandin E2, human defensin 2, and interleukin-1β remained essentially the same as the control group subjects without therapy. On the third and fifth days after curettage, subjects treated with 650 nm laser showed lower levels of prostaglandin E2, human defensin 2, and interleukin-1β. They exhibited substantial differences from the control group subjects without therapy. The gingival index on post-curettage patients showed no significant differences between laser therapy and control groups on day zero but significantly differed on the third and fifth days. Photobiomodulation therapy with a red laser can help the healing of post-curettage subjects according to the analysis’ findings of the gingival index, prostaglandin E2, human defensin 2, and interleukin-1β.

14-19 307
Abstract

Multiple drug resistance is a major global health security risk. Increasing resistance of bacteria to existing drugs puts on the agenda the search for alternative ways to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. One of these innovative methods is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT), which is equally effective against antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The most effective photosensitizers (PS) for APDT are molecules containing positively charged groups in their composition. In this work, we have obtained a new cationic derivative of natural chlorin containing a pyridazine group in its composition, the introduction of which occurs using click chemistry approaches. The antimicrobial photoinduced cytotoxicity of the proposed cationic PS, as well as its uncharged precursor, was assessed against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa. It has been shown that cationic chlorin exhibits an increased bactericidal effect when irradiated with light (λ = 660 nm, Ps = 70.73 mW/cm2) compared to its base form. When microbial suspensions were incubated with 24 μM cationic PS and subsequently irradiated, a significant bactericidal effect was observed against all of the aforementioned bacteria. As a result of microbiological studies, it was demonstrated that the proposed cationic PS exhibits high photoinduced antimicrobial activity.

20-30 276
Abstract

Overall survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with glioblastoma directly depend on the radicality of tumor resection. According to a number of literature sources, it is known that endoscopic surgeries under fluorescence control increase the rate of total resection. However, until now, there is little data on whether endoscopic resection with fluorescence control affects RFS and overall survival of patients with glioblastoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative endoscopic and fluorescence control on overall survival and RFS in patients with glioblastoma. A retrospective single-center analysis was performed in 20 patients with glioblastoma. Ten patients underwent tumor resection using an operating microscope with endoscopic and fluorescence control. In 5 patients, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (alasens) at a dose of 20 mg/ kg was used as a photosensitizer, in 5 patients, chlorin e6 (photoditazine) at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Ten patients underwent resection under endoscopic control, but without fluorescence control. Both cohorts of patients were comparable in age, functional status, tumor localization, adjuvant treatment methods, and molecular status. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the study in the groups were: the radicality of the surgical intervention according to postoperative magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement, as well as the median RFS and OS in patients. In the group of combined surgery under microscopic and fluorescence control with an endoscope, the rate of total tumor resection was higher than in the group of patients who underwent only surgery under a microscope and an endoscope without fluorescence control (100% versus 60%; p = 0.002). Median OS (20.2 months (95% CI 11.9-28.6) versus 16.3 months (95% CI 11.0-20.9); (p = 0.003)) and median RFS (11.7 months (95% CI 9.8-15.7) versus 9.8 months (95% CI 6.1-13.4) (p = 0.04)), were also statistically significantly higher compared to the group of patients who received treatment to the same extent, but without fluorescence control. As our experience has shown, the use of fluorescence control during tumor resection in patients with glioblastoma with endoscopic assistance is certainly necessary, given the technical capabilities available, as it has a positive effect on the treatment results for this category of patients.

31-41 201
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation in treating infected wounds. A morphological study was conducted on wound specimens from 105 Wistar rats, in which infected wounds were experimentally induced (three groups). The first group was treated with high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation, the second group received traditional ultraviolet irradiation, and the third group was treated only with antiseptics. Monitoring was performed before treatment, on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of treatment. Non-parametric statistical methods were used for data analysis. Prior to treatment, the wounds exhibited signs of the acute inflammation phase. By the 7th day, the first group’s wounds were in the proliferation phase. In the second and third groups, edema and infiltration persisted. By the 14th day, the first group’s wounds showed signs of granulation tissue formation and transition to the regeneration stage. In the second group, there was a reduction in infiltration, the appearance of new capillaries, and an increase in fibroblasts. In the third group, inflammatory symptoms persisted. By the 21st day, the first group showed remodeling of connective tissue with signs of delicate scar formation. In the second group, signs of connective tissue remodeling were observed, while in the third group, there was reduced infiltration with slow formation of new vessels. Thus, the use of high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation in the early stages effectively mitigates inflammation, activates local immune response, and accelerates reparative processes.

42-46 210
Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has antiviral activity and is an effective method for preventing cervical HPV-associated relapses. In our study, we assessed the effectiveness of prophylactic anti-relapse PDT of the cervical stump at the second stage after high amputation of the cervix in 65 patients with a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and 35 with a diagnosis of cervical cancer stage 1A1. As a photosensitizer, a drug based on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the form of a 12% gel at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 was used. Irradiation was performed after 4 hours (light dose – 150 J/ cm2). Complete eradication of HPV DNA was achieved in 94% of patients. In the remaining 6% of observations, the antiviral effect was registered as eradication of one or two types in case of multiple HPV infection with dominance of strains 16 and 18, or a significant decrease in the viral load. The observation periods ranged from 3 to 10 years. A persistent antiviral effect was maintained throughout the observation period in 93 (93%) women. Thus, PDT of the cervical stump with 5-ALA provides a pronounced antiviral effect at the second stage of treatment of precancerous and initial tumor pathology of the cervix due to the selective accumulation of the photosensitizer in infected cells with their subsequent direct phototoxic and photochemical destruction to the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium, in which virus replication occurs.



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ISSN 2413-9432 (Print)